Chocolate Chip Cookies

Besquites wiÞ Chips of Suete Melk

Hette oven tô 375 degres. Myx sugre, broun sugre, butere and egges. Styr in flour, bakynge soda and salte. Dow willen be stiffe. Styr in chips of suete melk. Sette balles of dow on shete of metal. Bake tene minutes. Lete cole for oon minute and enyoie.

Heat oven to 375 degrees. Mix sugar, brown sugar, butter and egg. Stir in flour, baking soda, and salt. The dough will be stiff. Stir in chocolate chips. Place balls of dough onto cookie sheet. Bake 10 minutes. Let cool for one minute and enjoy.

Heavenly Scones

The panne thou myxyd somme blaunc and god floure and styr hit wyþ somme yest. Sprenkle
sum sugre wyþ somme buttyr and salte. styr hit wyþ somme melk. Sklyce the bræd. Þu schal
have oile þat is hot and iboiled. Oile is hot when fyre styk has fyre in oile. Make the bræd
thynne and putte in the oile. Do hit on baþe sydes and qwen hit is iboilled the tabil thou put
the Skonn. And do hit so þat hit is couerd wyþ buttyr and honye. In newe panne, myxyd sum
honye and buttyr and sugre. Myx and myx.



In a pan, mix some white and good flour and stir in some yeast. Sprinkle some sugar with some butter and salt. Stir in some milk. Cut the bread. You need a pan that has hot, boiling oil in it. The oil is hot enough when a match in the oil catches fire. Stretch the bread until it is thin
and put it in the oil. Do it on both sides and when it has been fried, put it on the table. Then
eat it with honey butter. Yum. In a new pan, mix honey, butter, and sugar. Mix it well.

ME RECIPE

For to make[i] a swete[ii] þat[iii] is icleped creme[iv] cold lait[v][vi]

For to make a sweet that is called creamy cold milk

Nym[vii] lait & seþe[viii] hem[ix]

Take milk and boil it

Þanne take sucre[x] and seþt heom[xi] togidre

Then take sugar and boil them together

Wayten untill[xii] soden or boiling[xiii] and let colian[xiv]

Wait until boiled and let cool

Serge hem þorwe a sefe[xv] into a bolle[xvi]

And pass it through a sieve into a bowl

swing[xvii] blanc[xviii] part of egg þat beo stiffen[xix]

whisk the white part of the egg so that it stiffens

menge and do in an dyhs and soþþen ӡef vorþ[xx]

mix and put in a dish and then serve

---

[i] This word comes from Old English. It’s also an example of generalization because the meaning of “make” used to be to create something by combining components (an apt connotation in a recipe).

[ii] Old English

[iii] Function word: conjunction

[iv] Comes from French.

[v] Noun adjunct phrase structure

[vi] French

[vii] German

[viii] Weak verb

[ix] ME pronoun –3^rd person singular

[x] French

[xi] ME pronoun—3^rd person plural

[xii] Norse

[xiii] French

[xiv] Old English

[xv] Old English

[xvi] SVO syntax clause

[xvii] Shift in connotation

[xviii] French

[xix] Old English; also, this is an example of word formation through affixing

[xx] Sentence syntax: run-on sentence

Swetest Applis Pie

Swetest Applis Pie
Sweetest Apple Pie

Ingredyentes—Ingredients
Crusta--Crust

Qwyt flour—White flour
Sucre—Sugar
Sealt—Salt
Cold butere in petit pieces—cold butter in small pieces
Cold vegetable fat—cold vegetable shortening
Cold water—cold water

Stiren flour, sucre, and sealt to gedyr
Stir flour, sugar, and salt together
Adden Þe cold butere pieces and Þe fat.
Add the cold butter pieces and the shortening
Combynyn Þem wyÞ a pastre-knyf
Combine them with a pastry knife
Adden Þe cold water. Combynyn until Þe pastre sticken to gedyr.
Add the cold water. Combine until the pastry sticks together.
Knedyn Þe pastre, Þen dividen in partes and qwyklyar chil.
Kneed the pastry, then divide in parts and quickly chill.
Maken flat Þe pastres larg enohut for Þe pie plate. Place oon pastre in pie plate.
Make flat the pastries large enough for the pie plate. Place one pastry in pie plate.
Adden sauere and kever pie tope wiÞ oÞer pastre. Slitte Þe tope and marken wyÞ federes.
Add filling and cover pie top with other pastry. Slit the top and mark with feathers.
Bake until crusta is broun.
Bake until crust is brown.

Sauere—Filling

Sucre—Sugar
Flour—Flour
Notemuge—nutmeg
Synamome—cinnamon
Sealt—salt
Applis—apples
Butere—butter

To maken Þe saure, pele and sklyce Þe applis.
To make the filling, peel and slice the apples.
Combynyn sucre, flour, notemuge, synamome, and sealt wiÞ Þe applis
Combine filling, flour, nutmeg, cinnamon, and salt with the apples
Adden butere
Add butter

Maken Þis pie, and Þose Þat eton hit wyll stonden in aye of youre creftines.
Make this pie, and those that eat it will stand in awe of your craftiness.

French Vocabulary
Bake, combynyn, flour, kever, larg, notemuge, part, pastre, pele, petit, pie, pieces, place, plate, qwyt, sauere, sklyce, stiren, sucre, synamome, vegetable

Old English Vocabulary
Broun, butere, chil, cold, enohut, eton, fat, federes, knyf, slitte, sticken, to gedyr, tope, water

Other Vocabulary
Adden, crusta, dividen, ingredyentes, sealt, qwyklyar, flat, applis, knedyn, maken, marken, stonden

Compound—pastere-knyf
Affixing—To gedyr
Narrowing—feder
Pejoration—creftines
Weakening—aye
Abstraction—creftines
Shift in connotation—sticken

cher ami

Min amour, min onely, min chusun
Today walde be good day excepte the neas here. The colurs of the flours do naught scinth as briht. The sunnes raies do naugt warmen as fully. The flours do naugt smel as swetely; the birds do naugth singe as beautifuly. The weoreld na more makden me dizzy. Heovene na more inspireth aye. Oh who am ich scoffying—lokest the windoye ne wille wyrchen. The chariot ne willen gan. The tubbe leke and ich ne can oppen not the barayl.
Can thu juste kumen hom al redy?
Ich am hate ond have weakan everywhere. Ich can naught slepen bi cause the tubbes leke cepanme me awake and ich am hungre wythout the benes in the barayl and thu chnawenn how muche Ich heateth to skip a melu. It is juste oo woo after an other. Here is the thinge. Life simpeliche nis wearthe livande wythout thu.
Missing myn cnight
Danielle

My love, my only, my chosen
Today would be a good day except you weren’t here. The colors of the flowers do not shine as bright. The suns ray’s don’t warm as fully. The flowers don’t’ smell as sweetly.the birds don’t sing as beautifull. The world no more makes me dizzy. Heaving no more inspires awe. Oh who am I kidding. Look- the window won’t work. The chariot won’t go. The tub leaks and I can’t open the barrel. Can you just come home already?
I am hot and have to walk everywhere, I can’t sleep because the tub’s leak keeps me awake and I am hungry without the beans in the barrel and you know ho wmuch I hate to skip a meal. It’s just one woe after another. Here’s the thing. Life simply ain’t worth living without you.
Missing my knight
Danielle

Semantic Features:
French
Old English
Other

Pronoms
Function words
Strong verbs
Weak verbs
Semantic changes:
Birds—generalization
Dizzy—amelioration
Awe—weakened
Woe—concretization
Knight—denotation

Genietive inflections sunnes

To seethe fresh salmon

TO SEETH FRESH SALMON

Forto poche samon fresshe. Tæcen a lytulle wæter and as muche beere and sealte and putte þerto paresil tyme rosemaryne and letten al þes boile togeder. Þen putte in eour samon and maken eour broþ scharpe inwiþ sum vinegre.

DESCRIPTION: Salmon poached in beer, vinegar, and herbs
ORIGINAL RECIPE: To seeth Fresh Salmon. Take a little water, and as much Beere and salt, and put therto Parsley, Time and Rosemarie, and let all these boyle togeathere. Then put in your Salmon, and make your broth Sharpe with some Vinigar.
GODE COOKERY TRANSLATION:To poach Fresh Salmon. Take a little water, and as much Beer and salt, and add Parsley, Thyme and Rosemary, and let all these boil together. Then put in your Salmon, and make your broth sharp with some vinegar.
MODERN RECIPE:
* 1 cup water
* 1 cup beer or ale
* 1/4 cup white wine vinegar
* 1/4 tsp. salt
* 3 Tbs. parsley flakes
* 1 tsp. thyme
* 1 tsp. rosemary leaves
* 4 Salmon steaks (or any variety of fish)
Combine all ingredients except fish in a saucepan; bring to a boil. Reduce heat & simmer. Place fish in a shallow baking dish, then add enough of the beer mixture to immerse 2/3 of the fish. Cover baking dish, then place in a 400° F oven for approx. 15-20 minutes, or until fish becomes tender and flakes with a fork when pierced. Remove fish from baking dish & serve.

simple recipe

Jonny Harline

ELang 324

Middle English Bard Blog

 

Recipe

Crispels.  Take a gode past and rol it thynne and fin as papere.  Sklyce þe past wyt a saucer in to round peces.  Frye it in oyle or grese.  Make it brown and crispe.  To fynyshe þem, boyle hony and peynt it on þem.

Palmiers (New ME Recipe)

Palmiers

paiste of dow pastry dough
sugre sugar
on egge beten one beaten egg

The tabil thou couer with sum of the sugre and place the paiste of dow hit on. Sprenkle sum of the sugre on the paiste and presse the sugre on to the paiste. To the myddel fold the sides of the paiste and sprenkle the paiste with more sugre and presse the paiste to ioyn hit. This do thou a secunde tyme. Spredd egge on a half of the paiste and fold the paiste and presse thight the seem. Sklyce the paiste and place the sclysses on the panne with space thaim enter. Place the panne into the furneise till the bases of the besquites be tosted and tourne the besquites and toste the now bases and coke totalement the besquites. Remou the besquites of the panne wile the besquites be ardant.

Cover the table with some of the sugar and place the pastry dough on it. Sprinkle some of the sugar over the pastry. Press the sugar into the pastry. Fold the sides of the pastry into the middle. Sprinkle with a little more sugar, and press lightly to seal it. Do this a second time. Spread egg on a half of the pastry. Fold the pastry and press tightly the seam. Slice the pastry and place the slices on the pan with space between them. Place the pan into the furnace till the bottoms of the cookies are caramelized. Turn the cookies, and caramelize the new bottoms and cook the dough throughout. Remove the cookies from the pan while the cookies are hot.

Text Style: Recipe

Tone: Serious

Lexical Features:
French
38 content words: Couer, tabil, sugre, place, paiste, presse, ioyn, sklyce, space, furneise, bases, besquites, toste, tourne, remou
4 function words: Secunde, enter, ardant, totalement
Old English
15 content words and all function words unless listed otherwise
Beten, dow, hit, fold, do, tyme, spredd, egge, half, seem, thaim, now, wile
Other Etymologies
Dutch: 9 content words: Sum, sprinkle, sides, myddel, panne,
Scandinavian: 1 function word: thight
German: 1 content word: coke
ME words resulting from affixing: totalement (-ment)

Semantic Features:
Generalizing or Narrowing: ‘spread’: unfold à spread : ‘scatter’
Abstraction or Concretization: OE ‘dah’: form of clay à ME ‘dow’: bread dough
ME paiste: dough à PDE ‘pasta’, ‘paste’, ‘pastry’

Grammatical Features:
Surviving inflections for ME nouns and adjectives:
Plural noun inflection: bases, besquites
ME pronouns
Hit, thaim, thou
ME weak and strong verbs
Beten, couver, place, sprinkle, presse, fold, ioyn, do, spredd, sklyce, toste(d), tourne, coke, remou, be
ME function words
With, the, of, and, on, to, this, a, into, till, wile, sum, more, enter, now

Syntactic Features:
ME phrase structures
Adjective-noun: the now bases
Object-Preposition: with space thaim enter, place the paiste of dow it on
Pro-Verb ‘do’: This do thou a secunde tyme.
Subjunctive: till the bases of the besquites be tosted
ME clause structures
OSV, SVO, (S)OV, OVS
ME sentence structures: Long Run-ons
To the myddel fold the sides of the paiste and sprinkle the paiste with more sugre and presse the paiste to ioyn hit.

Fried Scones-Middle English Style

Middle English: Fried Scones
Fryed Skonnis

To maken a bræd þat is deliciouse and is icleped Fryed Skonnis nim somme fyne and god floure and styr hit wyþ somme yest. In a hot panne myx melk and sugre wyþ somme buttyr and salte. And qwen hit is myxyd þerto wyþ þat floure þu schal træd þus þinges ilke doghe. And soþþen qwen þat doghe is rijsen þat doghe schal beo pressid doun flat and þynne. Þu schal do þat doghe in a veyr god ponne wyþ oile þat is iboiled. Frye þu þe doghe browne and do hit on baþe sydes and qwen hit is iboilled and browne do hit in an cloþ þat hit beo drue. And soþþen do hit so þat hit is couerd wyþ sugre and cynamome and soþþen ʒef vorþ

To make a bread that is delicious and is called fried scones take some fine and good flour and stir it with some yeast. In a hot pan mix milk and sugar with some butter and salt. And when it is mixed thereto with that flour you shall tread these things like dough. And then when that dough is risen that dough shall be pressed down flat and thin. You shall do that dough in a very good pan with oil that is boiled. Fry you the dough brown and do it on both sides and when it is boiled and brown do it in a cloth so that it is dry. And then do hit so that hit is covered with sugar and cinnamon and then serve forth.

Assignment 15-16

I think the most important thing that happened to Middle English in this chapter was the immense growth of the lexicon. This includes word borrowing, as well as using methods such as compounding and affixing to create new words originally. The thing that I found most interesting and would like to learn more about is the dialectical situation. Why did the Norman Conquest contribute to the increased division of dialectical features and why were dialects so different among each of the areas? I would also like to learn more about the Wycliffite translation of the Bible, and how that came about. I think it's really interesting that sacred texts were so prolific during this period, especially since it is considered the time of the Apostasy and the Dark Ages, which usually seems somewhat godless or without religion.

Assignment 13-14)

The thing that I found most interesting in this chapter was the change in gender naturality from gramamatical gender. The thing I would like to learn more about is how even though middle english was heavily influenced by French our two languages are worlds apart today.

Bard Blog 2 Evaluation

Instructions: Create a text using Middle English (ME) language features. Account for the features you included on this page by circling or listing them below by line number. Type a one-page contemporary English translation and evaluation as part of the blog. Upload the poem and commentary for our Bard Blog at www.blogger.com. Turn in this sheet on Thursday, May 27^th, in class.

1 Text Style: Choose one of the following options for preparing a Middle English text:

• Translate one of your favorite recipes from Present-Day English into Middle English, substituting medieval food items where necessary (see BEL 164 and http://www.godecookery.com/ ). Cook the dish to share with class members.

• Write a one-page love letter in Middle English to your spouse or future spouse. On a separate sheet, provide a close translation of the letter in Present-Day English (see BEL 172-173).

• Translate the Thirteen Articles of Faith for Latter-day Saints from Present-Day English into Middle English (see BEL 214-216 and the following websites, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayenbite_of_Inwyt;

http://www.hti.umich.edu/c/cme/).

• In a mimesis of Middle English Chaucerian verse style, create a latter-day Saint narrator who is making a pilgrimage to the Preston Temple in England, who tells a story as part of a larger work entitled the Prestonbury Tales (see BEL 194-195 and http://www.ldschurchtemples.com/cgi-bin/pages.cgi?preston&geographical).

1 Tone: The tone of the text may be serious or humorous, religious or secular, within the bounds of common sense and common decency (see BEL 216-221).

4 Lexical Features: Capture a sampling of various vocabulary items from the Middle English lexicon from about A.D. 1100 – 1500 (see BEL 115, 198-201, 201-202, 206-207; the Oxford English Dictionary, the American Heritage Dictionary appendix of IE roots, or another OE word-hoard of your choice).

• One half of the vocabulary should derive from French etymologies.

• One quarter of the vocabulary should derive from Old English etymologies.

• One quarter of the vocabulary should derive from Scandinavian, Latin, Celtic, Dutch, Low German, and other language etymologies.

• Vocabulary should include new words in ME from various word formation processes such as compounding, affixing, clipping, back formation, and blends (see BEL 202-206).

5 Semantic Features (see BEL 207-211):

• Use ME words whose meaning has gone through generalization or narrowing.

• Use ME words whose meaning has gone through amelioration or pejoration.
  

• Use ME words whose meaning has gone through strengthening or weakening.

• Use ME words whose meaning has gone through abstraction or concretization.

• Use ME words whose meaning has gone through shifts in connotation or denotation.

4 Grammatical Features:

• Use surviving inflections for ME nouns and adjectives (see BEL 165-168).
  

• Use ME pronouns (see BEL 168-174).

• Use ME weak and strong verbs (see BEL 174-179).

• Use ME function words (see BEL 179-181).

3 Syntactic Features:

• Use ME phrase structures (see BEL 181-187).

• Use ME clause structures (see BEL187-190).

• Use ME sentence structures (see BEL 190-192).

1 Orthographic Feature: Use the Middle English alphabet (BEL 159-161), or use an online font that seems to capture a Medieval or Middle English orthography.

1 Presentation Feature: Name, section number, oral recitation to class members.

Total: 20 items worth .5 point each for a total of 10 percentage points.

Old English Poem

friþgifu rutland

on þa worulde wrangr and yfel menn seon god
in the world wrong and evil men saw god

wyrc þu an ærc friþgifu rutland god cwæþ hine
make thou an ark Noah god said to him

to seofonum and mid his samodgesum habb þu æfre deora clæne and æfre deora unclæne
by sevens and with his companion have thou every beast clean and every beast unclean

þin sunu and eower wifmenn and þu sceall ingangan þa ærc
thy sons and their wives and thee shalt go into the ark

forþæm an flod-wæter ælc flæsc clæsian ic bringe geond eorþe
because a flood each flesh to destroy I bring throughout earth

ge fugelas ge deoras findas friþgifu and he gadriþ plantas
both fowls and beasts find Noah and he gathers plants

and hydende ælc hea hyll and ælc hea dune
and is hidden each high hill and each high dune

and ne on þa hærnflota and ge deoras ge menn sweltaþ
and not in the vessel both creatures and men die

þa fantas deop and firmamentum vindaugas god astynt
and the fountains deep and heaven’s windows god stopped

þa flod-wæter scranc and of þa ærc friþgifu ferde
the floodwater decreased and from the ark Noah went

and ingemynde wæs ge ierfes ge menn mid friþgifu
and remembered was both property and men with Noah

inlæd and geber friþgifu god cwaiþ hine
bring forth and multiply Noah God said to him

Old English Poem Modern Translation

God saw wrong and evil men in the world.
God told Noah: make an ark.
Have seven of every clean animal and two of every unclean animal.
Go into the arc with your sons and with their wives,
because I am going to flood the earth to destroy the wicked.
All kinds of animals came to Noah, and he also gathered plants.
Every hill was covered,
and the animals and men that were not in the ark died.
God closed the deep fountains and the windows of heaven.
The waters receded and Noah left the ark.
Everything on the ark was preserved.
God told Noah to multiply and replenish the earth.

Old English Poem Features

Thematic Features:
My OE poem is a religious text about my distant relative Noah, and the flood.

Onomastic Features:
Noah’s OE name is Friþgifu Rutland. [line 2]
Friþgifu means ‘peace-gift’. It is said that Noah was given his Hebrew name “rest or peace,” because he created farming tools that controlled the thorns of the earth. This act brought rest to men. The ‘Rut’ in the English county Rutland may refer to Ruth or cattle. Ruth is Hebrew which ties to Noah. God commanded Noah to replenish and multiply the earth. This instruction is like a request for farming.

Lexical Features:
Latin loans
plantas – (Classical Latin) plants [line 6]
fantas – (Ecclesiastical Latin) baptismal founts [line 10]
firmamentum – (Classical Latin) heaven [line 10]
Norse loans
wrangr – awry, wayward [line 1]
vindaugas – windows (literally, wind-eyes) [line 10]
Old English
yfel (evil), menn (men), worulde (world), wyrc (make, construct), deor (beast), seofon (seven), claene (clean), sunus (sons), wifmen (wives), aerc (arc), flod (flood), flaesc (flesh), dun (hill, dune), hyll (hill), haernflota (vessel), waeter (water), deop (deep), etc.[through-out text]

Grammatical Features:

Inflectional affixes on nouns/adjectives
4 cases
Nominative: wrangr, yfel [line 1]
Accusative: hine [line 2]
Genetive: his [line 3]
Dative: sefonum, samodgesum [line 3]
3 grammatical genders
Masculine: fugelas, deoras (pl.) [line 6]
Feminine: worulde [line 1]
Neuter: flod [line 6]
2 numbers
Singular: ærc [line 2]
Plural: deoras [line 8]

Inflectional affixes on verbs
2 tenses
Present: habb [line 3]
Preterite: ferde [line 10]
3 persons
1: seon [line 1]
2: wyrc [line 2]
3: sweltaþ [line 8]
3 moods
Indicative: bringe [line 5]
Imperative: geber [line 12]
Subjunctive: sceall ingangan [line 4]

Syntactic Features:
My sentence orders: 1.) OVS, 2.) VSO, 3.) VSO, 4.) SVO, 5.) OSV,
6.) SVO, 7.) VS, 8.) SV, 9.) OSV, 10.) SV, 11.) VS, 12.) VS
I have 12 half-lines for a total of 6 lines.

Prosodic Features:
There is primary stress on at least four content words in every line.

Phonological Features:
Alliterations: w, s, f, h, f, i

Joseph Smith and James 1:5

Æthelbēd æf Niwe Eoforwícscír
(Nobleprayer of New Yorkshire)

Se geonga man gréow on Niwe Eoforwícscír
That young man grew in New York

giornende for tríewþan wæs Æthelbēd
Yearning for truth was Joseph Smith


Æthelbēd wæs wérig for wísdóm
Joseph Smith was weary for wisdom

wyrgende hē for his sáwolan
Worried he for his soul


Æthelbēd for léoht lócode
Joseph Smith for light looked

losod wæs hē fram God
Lost was he from God


leorn Æthelbēd fram léode pástoran
learned Joseph Smith from people Pastors

lǣfde wiþútan andsvaran wæs hē
left without answer was he


þæt sacráre bók him helpede
that sacred book him helped

hǣlan þæt deorcan niht
heal that dark night


gif þū eart wiþútan wísdóm
if you be without wisdom

wealc and sprec þū wið hláford
walk and speak you with Lord


strang and heard cuóm þās word on his heorte
strong and hard came these words in his heart

hē cúðe sprecan wið hláford
he could speak with Lord


Æthelbēd gegánde on þæt gráf
Joseph Smith went in that grove

God wolde andswarian Æthelbēd
God would answer Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith and James 1:5

The Dream of Lehi

Se dréam æf Lehi
The Dream of Lehi
By Chris Bishop

Se fæder æf se níwe land hæfde swæfrūn æf heofon
The father of the new land sees a vision of heaven (sleep-secret)

Mann cláðian in hwít findan þár
There is a man dressed in white

In swæfrūn þár tréow wið tréowfóda
In this vision there is a tree with fruit (tree-food)

Etan se fæder se tréowfóda swéte
The father eats the fruit it is delicious

Se tréowfóda bręngean him blithfrith scearu se tréowfóda wið sunu
The fruit makes him happy (cheerful-peace) and he wants to share it with his family

Þár hús wið mannwacer hlęhhan
There is a building with people who laugh

Þár rodd scéawian séo se tréow
There is a rod to guide them to the tree

Hys sunu haldan se rodd rǽcan se tréow wið blithfrith
His family takes the rod so that they might make it to the tree of happiness

I wrote about Lehi’s dream of the tree of life and his desire that his family joins him in partaking of the joy that he experienced. This was not an easy assignment, but I was able to learn a lot and see how some words came about. I had to be creative with some of the translation due to the fact that OE does not have the same words that we have in PDE. It makes me grateful to speak the language that I speak.

Cwenðryth

Lefað mē wefe ða spellla, spella ða geaton stregnðu god

Let me weave the story, a story that gives good strength

Cwen boren in whales, wyrcen carier fyr alse cilde

A women born in whales, worked carrying fire as a child

ða stregnðues tu hefigas weras adult-es hēo heold on hire héafod

The strength’s of two heavy men she held on her head

Triewð heo fand ond folian hit. Hēo gegán bi fóte ond báte.

Truth she found and followed it. She went by boat and foot

ða nouvus land, ðar aldne wer mete cwenðryth, hēo waes beorht wið wene

The new land there old man woman met she was bright with joy

Hēo sægde oft “betera wesan ða weres aldne lufen cwene panne weras geong weres wealh

She said often better to be the old man’s love woman than be a young man’s slave

Hēo waes cwene smearte efen ðeah heo neafre raedar ond neafre wrítan,

She was a women smart even though she never read and never wrote,

Hēo waes giefan ond gecynd, heo gegán saga ond cavian for ða illr

She was giving, she went, saw, and cared for the ill,

Tríewð hēo lufen ond tolgian hit, hēo lifian hlóg ond waes léoht to hier cildru

Truth she loved and followed it, she lived, laughed, and was a light to her children

Psalms 4

Psalms 4
Hieran min ða ða ic ceallian God min rihtwis ge agan mician
Micel min ða ða ic hreðerbealo agan mildheortnes on
min & hieran min gebed Eaforan ælde hu lange gelust
ge hweorfan min blæd on scand Hu gelust gelust ge
lufian idel & secan æfter lætanHwæðere cunnan seo
Drihten asetten him seo dryhtlich him Drihten gelust
hieran ða ða ic ceallian hime Ætstandan binnan egesa
fyren noht gecwedan mid agan breostcofa on eower
bedd & beon giet Beodan offrung ring & ge-logian
eower geliefan binnan Drihten Þæ beon fela seo cweðan
hwa gelust ætywan us ænig god Drihten lædan eow oð
leoht mid andwlita on us Eow ge-logian sæl binnan min
breostcofa mara þon ma þe Binnan hwil seo corn & wine eaca
Ic gelust ægðer lecgan me freod & onslepan ge Drihten efne
Macian me buan hal

1 Hear me when I call, O God of my righteousness: thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer.
2 O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? Selah.
3 But know that the Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself: the Lord will hear when I call unto him.
4 Stand in awe, and sin not: commune with your own heart upon your bed, and be still. Selah.
5 Offer the sacrifices of righteousness, and put your trust in the Lord.
6 There be many that say, Who will shew us any good? Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us.
7 Thou hast put gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased.
8 I will both lay me down in peace, and sleep: for thou, Lord, only makest me dwell in safety.
By Chris Frazier

Noble Lord Cornwall

Cyning cornwall his nama æthelfrea cyning and ðeoden gumena

King his name is “Noble Lord”/king and lord of men

Lete læge licgean hyne heom tell ne gellan

Let low lie there him tell them not to shout

Gomban gyldan riht and ranc Þes scegz tiewÞes blysie

Gifts to yield/ just and straight this vessel of truth blushes

In se blæse gehalgodes husles smycÞ him eorÞan pryte geoffrian

In the bright fire of consecrated sacrifice smokes to him/ offering up pride of earth

Haligne land scinon and lihtan heofon-candele hylle multon swā weax

holy land shined and lighted by heaven-candle (star) / hills melted like wax

swā ūre Fæder swā ūre biscop

just as our father/ so our bishop

se cynincg ne sceall arīsan Þær he longe wæs

the king shall not arise/ there he long was

This poem is about æthelfrea cornwall. The first name means "noble lord." This poem is a memoriam to the king and lord. It uses some religious metaphors to connote his goodness and also the loss at his death.

Jonny Harline

English Language 324

May 11, 2008

                                                 Oslæg æf Sumorsæte

Oslæg æf Sumorsæte ast onlīesan hiera frēondas, ond se cyning cwæþ nā

Ic acwelle þē cwæþ se cyning, ic gehealde hīe under mīn handa

Se stæf æf Oslæg wurde wyrm, and gegeopan þone wrym æf se cyning

Cōmon froscs and swearms to þæt land, wæren firen and se wæter wurde blōd

Snīceth dēaþ to þæt land ācwellan þone fyrst cild æf se cyning, ond hē geaf Oslæg willa

Oslæg læde hiera frēondas from se land, se cyning folgode gegon hīe eft

Ac hīe wiþstōden swīþost ond se sæ gegeopan se cyning

and fram se gōdnes æf God, Oslæg onfēng nīwe land.

Translation

Oslæg of Dorset asked to free his friends, but the king would not free them

I will kill you the king said, I will keep them under my hand

The staff of Oslæg became a snake, and swallowed the snake of the king

There came frogs and fleas to the land, fires and the water turned to blood

Death crept into the land to kill the first child of the king, and he gave Oslæg his wish

Oslæg led his friends out of the land, but the king followed to take them again

But they stood strong, and the sea swallowed the king.

And from the goodness of God, Oslæg was given a new land.

 

 

Old English Poem

I just want you to know that this is the first blog I have ever written. :)

Praise the Lord

Tiffany Bohne
15 May 2008
Section 1


Prayer of Cwēn-mod of Kent (woman-soul)
Kent Cwēn-mod Praerse

O Lord, I will praise Thee; God is my salvation.
O Lauerdse ic scealt (shall) bletsia Þē godase minas wyn-weardse (friend-peotector)

I will trust, and not be afraid.
Ic scealt trusten end ne færse

Thou art merciful, O God, for thou has heard my prayer.
Þu frith-gefu (peace-gift) O Goda Þu minas praere hera

The Lord Jehovah is my strength, He is my song and salvation.
Se Lauerd minas streng e hē minas song end wyn-weardse (friend-peotector)


O Lord, I have trusted in Thee, and I will trust in Thee forever.
O Lauerd ic trusten Þē end ic scealt Þē trusten ealne

O give thanks unto the God of heaven: for His mercy endureth forever
O Hefenes Gode bletsia his frith-gefu (peace-gift) is ealne


I wrote about Cwēn-mod (woman-soul) of Kent because Kent was the place of the Church. This is a prayer that she would give. I'm imagining that she were an ancestor of mine, or if this were my prayer. I just combined a few of my favorite scriptures that had similar themes: Isaiah 12, 2 Nephi 4, and Psalm 136. I looked up all the words in the OED. The hemstitches are divided by clauses or phrases and I switched the syntax order for several of the phrases. I really enjoyed translating this poem. I learned so much! I know that I did not get everything that I needed to, but I am amazed how much work this was and how much I learned.

Twenty-Third Psalm

Leofregan Kent se cyning mīn scéaphirde ­ is; Nē cnáwan Ic sceal vantan
Love-king Kent the king my shepherd is; Not know I shall want

Ic licge in lufens gréne paradīs feld; Leofregan besīdan stille wætere mē lædÞ
I lie in love's green paradise field; Love-king beside still waters me leads

Hē hælÞ mīn heortes; Mīn Leofregan mē lædÞ in rhytwisnesses weg fær his namas sacu
He heals my heart; My Love-king me leads in righteousness's way for his name's sake

Ic gān ðurh grund—ðurh deaÞs sceadus bi-nitan grund: Mīn Leofregan mē lædÞ ond Ic nē fære
I go through ground--through death's shadow's beneath ground: My Love-king me leads and I do not fear

yfel
evil

Wið Þīn sticce ond Þin stæfe: Mīn hláford mē helpÞ
With thy stick and thy staff: my Lord me helps

Mīn hláford mīn héofodes smērÞ wið ele; Mīn win flasce ofer flówÞ
My Lord my head anoints with oil; my wine flask overflows

Mē godnes ond greatnes sceal folgian, Mīn lang līf
Me goodness and greatness shall follow, my long life

In se hláfords hūs Ic sceal dvöl, Fær æfre ond æfre
In the Lord's house I shall dwell, for ever and ever

Translation:

Love-king of Kent the King is my shepherd, I shall not know want

I lie in love’s green paradise field. Love-king leads me beside still waters.

He heals my heart. My Love-king leads me in righteousness’s way for his name’s sake.

I go through ground—through death’s shadow’s low ground. My Love-king leads me and I do not fear evil.

With thy stick and thy staff, my Lord helps me.

My lord anoints my head with oil. My wine flask overflows.

Goodness and greatness shall follow me my long life.

In the Lord’s house I shall dwell forever and ever.


Onomastic Features
In this poem, I named the Lord, Leofreagan Kent. Leofregan means Love-king, and I chose Kent because it resembled the word for King most closely .

Lexical Features
Old English
All of the words in this poem have Old English etymologies, except for those listed under the Latin and Old Norse Categories
Latin
Paradīs and win are loanwords from Latin
Old Norse
Vantan and dvöl are loanwords from Old Norse

Grammatical Features
These are the words for which I added special grammatical features. They are organized by line number.

1. Scéaphirde—singular neuter accusative;
is—present tense third person singular indicative
cnáwan—infinitive
sceal—present tense first person singular indicative
vantan—singular masculine accusative

2. Licge—present tense first person singular indicative
Lufens—love’s
Gréne— singular accusative masculine
Feld— singular masculine accusative
stiille— singular feminine accusative
wætere— singular feminine accusative
lædÞ—present tense 3rd person singular indicative

3. hælÞ—present tense third person singular indicative
heortes— singular masculine genitive
lædÞ—present tense 3rd person singular
rhytwisnesses—righteousness’s
namas—name’s

4. grund—strong masculine accusative
deaÞs—death’s
sceadus—shaddow’s
fære—present tense first person singular indicative

5. sticce— singular masculine instrument
stæf— singular masculine instrument
helpÞ—present tense third person singular indicative

6. heofodes—singular masculine accusative
smērÞ—present tense third person singular indicative
flasce— singular neuter nominative
flówÞ—present tense third person singular indicative

7. godnes—masculine nominative singular
greatnes—masculine nominative singular
sceal—present tense third person singular indicative
folgian—infinitive

8. hláfords—Lord’s
sceal—present tense first person singular indicative

In addition, these are the demonstrative pronouns I used, which also have special grammatical features.

Demonstrative Pronoun
Se—masculine nominative singular

Personal Pronouns
Ic—first person nominative singular
Mē--first person accusative singular
Mīn—first person genitive singular
Hē--third person nominative singular masculine
His—third person genitive singular masculine
Þīn—second person genitive singular

Syntactic Features:
My poem has eight lines, and each line has two hemi-stitches. The hemi-stitches are separated by space on the line.
The syntax for my poem varies, and does not always use the same word order as is typical for Present Day English.

Prosodic and Phonological Features:
These are the stressed, alliterated words for each of my lines. The hemi-stitches are separated by semicolons. The ratios to the right represent the alliteration pattern (for example, three words with alliteration, one word without, or two words with alliteration and two with different alliteration).

1. Kent cyning; cnáwan vantan 3:1

2. Licge lufens; Leofregan besīdan 3:1

3. hælÞ heortes; Leofregan lædÞ 2:2

4. gān grund; Leofregan lædÞ 2:2

5. sticce stæfe; hláford mē helpÞ 2:2

6. hláford héofodes; flasce ofer flówÞ 2:2

7. godnes greatnes; lang līf 2:2

8. hláfords hūs; fær æfre ond æfre 2:2

11-12

I found this reading fairly interesting. The thing that probably interested me the most was the amelioration and perjoration as well as the narrowing and generalizing aspects of language. I also found the ways we add new words to english fascinating. I still have a hard time understanding old english sentance sturcture especially the unstructured syntax. That's probably just because it is the most foreign to me. That part in the work book was the most difficult.

Old English was meant to be read aloud

Check out this link to hear Old English poems read out loud!

The History of the English Language

This is one of my favorite classes to teach because it combines language and literature, synchronic linguistics and diachronic philology. The scope of the topic is grand, and yet the details are relevant. I like the interface between language and history in English. I highly recommend studying the history of other languages also because you learn a great deal about ordinary people, not just about people in powerful positions. Reading the history of the Romance Language family was a highlight in my graduate studies. Dr. Word Nerd, May 9, 2008.